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  • Title: Urinary tract changes in obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulae: a report of 216 cases studied by intravenous urography.
    Author: Lagundoye SB, Bell D, Gill G, Ogunbode O.
    Journal: Clin Radiol; 1976 Oct; 27(4):531-39. PubMed ID: 1000897.
    Abstract:
    Intravenous urographies carried out routinely on 216 cases of vesico-vaginal fistulae were reviewed. All the patients had suffered from urinary incontinence following obstructed labour for periods varying from immediate post-partum period to as long as 35 years with the majority (48%) presenting in the first year of the disease. One hundred and eleven patients (51-4%) showed no urinary tract abnormality. Calyceal abnormality was graded from 1-5 in ascending order of severity. The most frequent abnormality was Grade 1 (or minimal calyceal blunting) found in 75 (71%) of 105 cases showing lesions. Ten patients had non-functioning kidneys. There was no correlation of severity of calyceal grading with duration of the disease. Other notable changes were hydroureter in 75 (34%), medial deviation of the terminal ureters in 21 (9-7%) and bladder calculi in four. The study reveals a high risk of morbidity to the kidneys in patients with vesico-vaginal fistulae and the predominant role of fibrous itssue in tis genesis is postulated.
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