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  • Title: Penetrating orbital injury with organic foreign bodies.
    Author: Nasr AM, Haik BG, Fleming JC, Al-Hussain HM, Karcioglu ZA.
    Journal: Ophthalmology; 1999 Mar; 106(3):523-32. PubMed ID: 10080209.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: The authors reviewed the clinical features, diagnostic workup, and management of patients of penetrating orbital injuries with retained organic foreign bodies. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen patients (15 males, 4 females) with penetrating orbital injuries due to organic foreign bodies. RESULTS: The series included 15 (78.9%) males and 4 (21.1%) females who ranged in age from 6 months to 40 years (mean = 14.6 years); 12 (63.2%) patients were younger than 12 years of age. Twelve (63.2%) right and 7 (36.8%) left orbits were involved. Time between injury and presentation varied from a few hours to 9 months. Most common injury site was the superior orbit in 11 (57.9%) patients leading to abnormal extraocular motility (84.2%), proptosis (68.4%), and upper lid ptosis (47.4%). Associated pathologies also included acute cellulitis in 11, orbitocutaneous fistula in 5, and osteomyelitis in 2 patients. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified the foreign bodies in 42% and 57% of the patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Preoperative identification of the foreign material in the orbit was found to be very helpful for patient management but was only possible in approximately 50% of our cases with the use of CT and MRI. The vision in our patients usually improved shortly after treatment; the long-term complications more often included extraocular muscle and eyelid motility problems and periorbital scarring.
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