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  • Title: Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the child's subsequent development: I. Physical growth to the age of 6 1/2 years.
    Author: Dunn HG, McBurney AK, Ingram S, Hunter CM.
    Journal: Can J Public Health; 1976; 67(6):499-505. PubMed ID: 1009515.
    Abstract:
    The growth of 81 "small-for-dates" (SFD) and 99 "truly premature" children of low birth weight, and of 146 controls of full birth weight (FBW) was analyzed with respect to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Shortly after birth, a history was obtained from the mother pertaining to factors which could be related to the pregnancy outcome. Physical examination, developmental tests, and psychological tests were performed on the children up to the age of 6 1/2 years. There was a highly significant excess in the percentage of smokers among the mothers of SFD children as compared to FBW control children. At 6 1/2 years, the children of nonsmoking mothers had a slightly greater mean weight and height in all categories. Statistically significant differences in favor of nonsmokers' children were seen only in the FBW children. Mean social class was lower in children of nonsmoking mothers. Other factors influencing growth, such as maternal height and weight, and childrens' sex were not significantly different in the 2 groups of children. Although the trends of the results indicate that cigarette smoking in pregnancy may negatively affect the child's growth, the trends rarely reached statistical significance, and larger numbers are required for detailed factorial analysis.
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