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  • Title: Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on night sleep in humans.
    Author: Schuld A, Mullington J, Hermann D, Hinze-Selch D, Fenzel T, Holsboer F, Pollmächer T.
    Journal: Am J Physiol; 1999 Apr; 276(4):R1149-55. PubMed ID: 10198397.
    Abstract:
    Numerous animal studies suggest that cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mediate increased sleep amount and intensity observed during infection and are, moreover, involved in physiological sleep regulation. In humans the role of cytokines in sleep-wake regulation is largely unknown. In a single-blind, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 300 microgram sc) on the plasma levels of cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, and hormones as well as on night sleep. G-CSF did not affect rectal temperature or the plasma levels of cortisol and growth hormone but did induce increases in the plasma levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist and both soluble TNF receptors within 2 h after injection. In parallel, the amount of slow-wave sleep and electroencephalographic delta power were reduced, indicating a lowered sleep intensity. We conclude that G-CSF suppresses sleep intensity via increased circulating amounts of endogenous antagonists of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha activity, suggesting that these cytokines are involved in human sleep regulation.
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