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  • Title: Causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus.
    Author: Mäkimattila S, Nikkilä K, Yki-Järvinen H.
    Journal: Diabetologia; 1999 Apr; 42(4):406-12. PubMed ID: 10230643.
    Abstract:
    AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To determine causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with Type II diabetes (body mass index 28+/-1 kg/m2) were treated with insulin alone (n = 13) or insulin and with metformin (n = 13). Components of energy balance (basal metabolic rate, energy intake, glucosuria) were measured at 0 and 12 months. RESULTS: Glycaemic control improved similarly in patients using (HbA1c 10.5+/-0.3 vs 7.6+/-0.2%, p<0.001) and not using (10.2+/-0.3 vs 7.8+/-0.3%, p < 0.001) metformin. The metformin group required 47 % less insulin than the group not using metformin (p < 0.001). Body weight increased by 3.8+/-0.8 and 7.5+/-1.6 kg (p < 0.05), respectively. Basal metabolic rate and glucosuria were similar at 0 and 12 months in both groups but the metformin group decreased energy intake by 1.12+/-0.46 MJ/day, whereas it remained unchanged in the other group (0.15+/-0.42 MJ/day). Changes in body weight and glycaemia were statistically significant independent determinants of basal metabolic rate. Their change in opposite directions explained why basal metabolic rate remained unchanged. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Improved glycaemia promotes weight gain by decreasing both basal metabolic rate and glucosuria. Use of metformin decreases weight gain by reducing energy intake and is therefore a useful adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with Type II diabetes.
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