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  • Title: Biofeedback and relaxation techniques improves running economy in sub-elite long distance runners.
    Author: Caird SJ, McKenzie AD, Sleivert GG.
    Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc; 1999 May; 31(5):717-22. PubMed ID: 10331893.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a psychophysiological intervention of biofeedback and relaxation could decrease the submaximal oxygen consumption (VO2submax) during treadmill running and improve running economy for a group of trained long distance runners. METHODS: Before and after a 6-wk control phase, seven long distance runners were tested for running economy, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), peak running velocity, and stretch-shortening cycle efficiency. These runners then participated in a 6-wk training program in which they learned and practiced relaxation techniques and ran on the treadmill at a velocity eliciting 70% of peak running velocity for 10 min while biofeedback of heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), and VO2 was presented to them. RESULTS: Data indicated that participants were able to lower their VO2, HR, and VE at lactate threshold by 7.3%, 2.5%, and 9.2%, respectively, using relaxation techniques (P<0.05). Post-tests of lactate threshold, VO2peak, peak running velocity, and stretch-shortening cycle efficiency showed that these changes did not occur as a result of a training effect. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the improvements in running economy occurred as a result of the psychophysiological intervention.
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