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  • Title: An overview of venereal disease programs in Britain, West Germany, Denmark, and Sweden, with implications for Canada.
    Author: Smith ES.
    Journal: Bull Pan Am Health Organ; 1976; 10(4):321-32. PubMed ID: 1037430.
    Abstract:
    Venereal disease (VD) programs in England, West Germany, Denmark, and Sweden were studied in 1975 and compared with the program in Canada. Pronounced variation was found in case reporting procedures, contact tracing, treatment services, and health education. Only Canadian physicians are required to identify VD patients by name in their statistical reports, which contributes to underreporting. There are over 200 special VD clinics in England administered by the hospital system and providing free treatment. In the other countries studied, those suspecting they have VD consult a general practitioner, a specialist in venereology and dermatology, or attend a public clinic. Physicians in England, West Germany, and Canada cannot treat a minor without parental consent. The incidence of reported cases of both syphilis and gonorrhea rose more markedly in Canada during 1969-73 than in the other 4 countries. Overall, the results of the comparison suggest that Canada could benefit from careful attention to the British system, considered to be the most effective. It is recognized that much of the effectiveness of the British system is due to the unique method of reimbursing general practitioners in that country. Nonetheless, specific features of the VD programs in England and other European countries that could be applied to Canada include: 1) statistical rather than individual reporting of cases; 2) physical location of clinics in hospitals; 3) establishment of clinics in smaller as well as large cities; 4) extension of clinic activities to encompass management of all sexually transmitted diseases; 5) more serious attention to investigation and epidemiologic control of nonspecific genital infections, which in England are about 1.4 times as common as gonorrhea in both sexes combined; 6) special training in venereology for physicians in charge of clinics; 7) training and increased use of public health nurses and social workers in contact tracing; 8) increased use of public health nurses for health education of high risk groups; 9) compulsory sex education in schools; 10) increased use of vending machines for condom sales; and 11) legislation to facilitate treatment and examination of minors without parental consent.
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