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  • Title: Z-stent for malignant esophageal obstruction.
    Author: Rahmani EY, Rex DK, Lehman GA.
    Journal: Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am; 1999 Jul; 9(3):395-402. PubMed ID: 10388854.
    Abstract:
    The Z-stent was one of the first self-expanding metal prostheses used for palliation of malignant esophageal obstruction and respiratory esophageal fistula. Its placement has proved to be effective and relatively safe. This article reviews the evolution of the Z-stent; its multiple designs, placement technique, efficacy, complications, and assets and limitations.
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