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  • Title: A classification system for sinus membrane perforations during augmentation procedures with options for repair.
    Author: Vlassis JM, Fugazzotto PA.
    Journal: J Periodontol; 1999 Jun; 70(6):692-9. PubMed ID: 10397526.
    Abstract:
    A classification system for sinus membrane perforations encountered during a sinus augmentation procedure is presented. Five of the perforations are discussed, as are the therapeutic options for their repair. Class I and Class II perforations are most easily repaired, while Class IV is the most difficult to successfully treat. In addition, the effect of the sinus membrane perforation on the course of proposed therapy is discussed. When classified and managed appropriately, sinus membrane perforations are not an absolute indication for aborting the augmentation procedure which is in progress. This paper provides a system of classification that can be used by clinicians to collect data on membrane perforations and repair results.
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