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  • Title: Panax ginseng blocks morphine-induced thymic apoptosis by lowering plasma corticosterone level.
    Author: Kim YR, Lee SY, Shin BA, Kim KM.
    Journal: Gen Pharmacol; 1999 Jun; 32(6):647-52. PubMed ID: 10401989.
    Abstract:
    The effects of Panax ginseng on morphine-induced immune suppression were studied. Morphine (20 mg/kg, SC, 4 days) decreased body weight increment rate and caused atrophy of thymus and spleen. These changes were partly reversed by concomitant administration of ginseng total saponin (GTS, 100 mg/kg, oral, 9 days). Morphine elevated the serum corticosterone level and caused the DNA fragmentation of thymocytes. These sequential events were completely blocked by a concomitant administration of GTS. Flow cytometry analysis showed that GTS specifically blocked morphine-induced apoptosis of thymocytes.
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