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  • Title: Extensive venous thrombosis and hind-limb edema associated with adrenocortical carcinoma in a dog.
    Author: Jaffe MH, Grooters AM, Partington BP, Camus AC, Hosgood G.
    Journal: J Am Anim Hosp Assoc; 1999; 35(4):306-10. PubMed ID: 10416775.
    Abstract:
    A 10-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation of bilateral hindlimb edema and weakness. Abdominal ultrasonography showed increased echogenicity of the lumen of the caudal vena cava from the level of the urinary bladder to the level of the cranial pole of the right kidney. Bilateral saphenous venograms displayed numerous filling defects in the caudal vena cava, right external iliac vein, right femoral vein, and the right common iliac vein. Extensive venous thrombosis was diagnosed, and the animal was euthanized. Necropsy confirmed the presence of venous thrombosis and revealed a right adrenocortical carcinoma that had invaded the caudal vena cava.
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