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  • Title: Severe high Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and gummy smile: a case report.
    Author: Redlich M, Mazor Z, Brezniak N.
    Journal: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop; 1999 Sep; 116(3):317-20. PubMed ID: 10474104.
    Abstract:
    Severe Class II Division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and gummy smiles can be treated in several ways. Early orthodontic treatment with vertical control may decrease the malocclusion as well as improve the appearance. In severe cases, orthognathic surgery might be the optimal solution. The following case report describes a patient with a severe gummy smile, where the final esthetic improvement was achieved by using a periodontal procedure after orthodontic treatment.
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