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  • Title: Endoscopic evaluation of the esophagus in infants and children immediately following intraoperative use of transesophageal echocardiography.
    Author: Greene MA, Alexander JA, Knauf DG, Talbert J, Langham M, Kays D, Ledbetter D.
    Journal: Chest; 1999 Nov; 116(5):1247-50. PubMed ID: 10559082.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has evolved as an essential technique for use during pediatric cardiac surgery; however, few studies have evaluated the safety of TEE in children. This series reports endoscopic examination of the esophagus following intraoperative TEE in pediatric patients. METHODS: Fifty children undergoing congenital heart surgery underwent flexible esophagoscopy that was performed after completion of their heart surgery and after the removal of the transesophageal echo probe. The patients' ages ranged from 4 days to 10 years old, and their weight ranged from 3.0 to 39.8 kg, with a mean weight of 12.6 kg. RESULTS: Thirty-two of 50 patients (64%) had abnormal results shown on esophageal examinations; this occurred more frequently in the subset of patients weighing < 9 kg. No long-term feeding or swallowing difficulties were noted in any of the 48 patients who survived. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative TEE in infants and children frequently caused mild mucosal injury. Care must be exercised in the insertion and manipulation of the probes.
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