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  • Title: Death among U.S. Air Force basic trainees, 1956 to 1996.
    Author: Drehner D, Neuhauser KM, Neuhauser TS, Blackwood GV.
    Journal: Mil Med; 1999 Dec; 164(12):841-7. PubMed ID: 10628154.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Basic military training in the U.S. Air Force exposes recruits to multiple environmental and psychological stressors. Deaths often prompt examination of the training process. METHODS: This retrospective case study evaluates recruit deaths at Lackland Air Force Base between 1956 and 1996 in terms of demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. RESULTS: Eighty-five deaths occurred, with 81% being natural, 13% suicide, 4% accidental, and 2% not classified. Ninety-four percent of recruits who died were male, and 60% were 17 to 19 years of age. The average death rate was 2.8/100,000 recruits. Seven recruits were sickle cell trait (SCT)-positive. The relative risk for nontraumatic deaths between expected SCT-positive and non-SCT-positive populations was 23.53 (confidence interval, 19.55-30.01). Thirty-five percent (30 recruits) died from cardiac causes, resulting in a death rate of 1.0/100,000 trainees. Thirty-three percent (28 recruits) died primarily from infections. Six deaths were due to heat stroke, 11 to suicide, and 3 to accidents. CONCLUSION: As a result of improvements in immunizations, changes in hydration and exercise policies, limited access to vehicles, close supervision, the "buddy system," and the institution of the Navy-Air Force Medical Evaluation Test, only a few deaths occurred in any given year.
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