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  • Title: Disease prevalence in women attending the STD clinic in Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India.
    Author: Divekar AA, Gogate AS, Shivkar LK, Gogate S, Badhwar VR.
    Journal: Int J STD AIDS; 2000 Jan; 11(1):45-8. PubMed ID: 10667900.
    Abstract:
    Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its association with other STD causing organisms. Three hundred and thirty-six consecutive women (female sex workers (FSWs) and married contacts), attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Mumbai, were screened for N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis. Per speculum examination was performed and clinical signs were recorded. Symptoms perceived by the women were also recorded. The mean age for married contacts, FSWs and gonorrhoea-positive women was 27.9, 29.7 and 27.5, respectively. 9.7% of the women were positive for N. gonorrhoeae, 23.2% were chlamydia-positive and 5.9% had trichomoniasis. N. gonorrhoeae was isolated more frequently from FSWs as compared to the married contacts. The prevalence of HIV was significantly higher among women with multiple sex partners (FSWs) (P<0.001). Gonococcal infection is significantly associated with the presence of HIV. A significant association between sexual habits and prevalence of gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and HIV was observed. The prevalence of gonorrhoea over 1988 to 1996 remained approximately the same. This clinical trial was conducted to determine the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhea and its correlation with other sexually transmitted disease (STD) causing organisms. A total of 336 consecutive women (female sex workers (FSWs) and married contacts) attending an STD clinic in Mumbai, India, were screened for N. gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Speculum examinations were performed, the vulva and external genitalia were assessed for ulcers and warts, and clinical signs were recorded. The symptoms reported by the women were also documented. The mean age of married contacts was 27.9 years, while that of FSWs was 29.7 years. The mean age of gonorrhea-, chlamydia-, and trichomonas-positive women was 27.3, 28.0, and 28.8 years, respectively. This study showed that 9.7% of the women were gonorrhea-positive, 23.3% were chlamydia-positive, and 5.9% were trichomonas-positive. N. gonorrhea was more prevalent among FSWs than married contacts. Moreover, HIV was more prevalent among FSWs (P 0.001). Gonococcal infection is significantly associated with HIV. An important correlation between sex behavior and the prevalence of gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and HIV was found. Between 1988 and 1996 the prevalence of gonorrhea remained approximately the same.
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