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  • Title: Improved oral health of schoolchildren of 16 communities after 8 years of prevention. III. Gingival conditions and calculus.
    Author: Marthaler TM.
    Journal: SSO Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnheilkd; 1976 Aug; 86(8):891-6. PubMed ID: 1066817.
    Abstract:
    In 1963, a "Caries-Preventive Program" was started in the canton of Zurich. Within this program supervised toothbrushing exercises (with fluoride preparations) were carried out at school. They were performed 3 times per year by specially trained former dental chairside assistants who also discussed the usefulness of toothbrushing (10 min at each class visit). The teachers were expected to perform 3 additional supervised toothbrushing exercises during the year. The total number of brushing exercises per year was between 4 and 6. A total of 7548 examinations of children were made in 16 communities in 1963/64 1967/68 and 1971/72. The occurrence of gingivitis was studied by considering the symptoms of edematous swelling and discoloration. The frequency of both symptoms decreased over the study period 1963/64 to 1971/72. The frequency of supragingival calculus lingually on lower incisors was also reduced, but this result was not consistently found in the communities. In a subsample, subgingival calculus was studied on bite-wing radiographs. The percentage of children 13 to 15 years of age with such deposits decreased from 9.27 to 3.22.
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