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  • Title: Permanent endocardial pacing. An analysis of 90 patients.
    Author: Havia T, Arstila M, Wendelin H, Heinonen R.
    Journal: Acta Med Scand Suppl; 1976; 596():7-11. PubMed ID: 1070229.
    Abstract:
    Primary results and follow-up observations in 90 patients with permanent endocardial pacing--covering the period from 1970 to June 1974--are reported. The primary mortality was 3% (3/90), and mortality 4% (4/90). Electrode complications were the most common problem and occurred in 20% implantations. Early or late dislocation of the electrode tip was seen in 12%. With the improved technique is was possible to decrease it significantly through the period. The mean battery life time of Siemens-Elema pacemakers was 26 months. 10% of the failed batteries were replaced urgently. So far the rather high frequency of electrode complications diminishes the advantages of the pacemaker treatment.
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