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  • Title: Allograft inflammatory factor-1 is expressed by macrophages in injured skeletal muscle and abrogates proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells.
    Author: Kuschel R, Deininger MH, Meyermann R, Bornemann A, Yablonka-Reuveni Z, Schluesener HJ.
    Journal: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol; 2000 Apr; 59(4):323-32. PubMed ID: 10759188.
    Abstract:
    Secretion of regulatory peptides by macrophages in injured skeletal muscle constitutes a pivotal determinator of tissue homeostasis. We analyzed expression of a novel Ca2+- binding peptide expressed by activated macrophages, the allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1), in rat devascularized skeletal muscle. AIF-1 expression was observed in 94% of all macrophages at the site of the injury 48 hours postdevascularization. The physiological function of AIF-1 in injured skeletal muscle was analyzed using a rat in-vitro model of satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Addition of AIF-1 to the culture medium resulted in a concentration-dependent and reversible reduction of the total number of cells expressing M-cadherin (p < or = 0.0001), a mediator of the differentiation process of skeletal muscle cells, the proliferation associated PCNA (p < or = 0.0001), and the initiator of muscle differentiation myogenin (p < or = 0.0001). These results provide convincing evidence that activated AIF-1 expressing macrophages constitute the predominant cell type in skeletal muscle 48 hours postinjury, and that AIF-1 regulates reduced proliferation, differentiation, and activation of satellite cells.
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