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  • Title: Functional appliances: mode of action and clinical use.
    Author: Macey-Dare LV, Nixon F.
    Journal: Dent Update; 1999; 26(6):240-4, 246. PubMed ID: 10765761.
    Abstract:
    Functional appliances are frequently used in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions, either in isolation or, more commonly, before a course of fixed appliance therapy. Extensive speculation and investigation into the precise mode of action of these appliances has recently focused on their growth-restraining effect on the maxilla, their growth-enhancing effect on the mandible and dentoalveolar and soft tissue effects. The different types of functional appliances are described in this article, with emphasis placed on practitioners adopting a component approach to design. A checklist is provided to aid identification of the more common problems occurring during treatment.
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