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  • Title: Father-child separation, retrospective and current views of attachment relationship with father, and self-esteem in late adolescence.
    Author: McCormick CB, Kennedy JH.
    Journal: Psychol Rep; 2000 Jun; 86(3 Pt 1):827-34. PubMed ID: 10876330.
    Abstract:
    Relationships between paternal separation in childhood and adult measures of self-esteem, paternal acceptance and independence-encouragement were investigated with 236 nonparent college students as subjects. Current relationship with father was measured by a modified version of Epstein's Mother-Father-Peer Scale. Self-esteem was measured by Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory. Individuals who experienced separation for all reasons from their fathers during childhood recounted less acceptance by their fathers in late adolescence but not less independence-encouragement. Individuals whose parents had divorced (whether or not they had experienced a significant separation) reported lower acceptance by their fathers in both childhood and in late adolescence, and they attained lower scores on self-esteem.
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