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  • Title: Biological defense mechanisms. Evidence for the participation of superoxide in bacterial killing by xanthine oxidase.
    Author: Babior BM, Curnutte JT, Kipnes RS.
    Journal: J Lab Clin Med; 1975 Feb; 85(2):235-44. PubMed ID: 1089740.
    Abstract:
    Incubation of either Staphylococcus epidermidis or Escherichia coli with a sufficiently high concentration of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme capable of reducing oxygen to superoxide (O2-), resulted in the death of the microorganisms. Protection against the killing os S. epidermidis by xanthine oxidase was afforded by superoxide dismutase, an enzyme which converts O2- to O2 and H2O2, and also by catalase, which destroys H2O2. These findings indicate that neither O2- nor H2O2 were able to kill S. epidermidis under the experimental conditions, but that the bactericidal agent was the product of a reaction between O2- and H2O2. By contrast, E. coli was protected by catalase but not by superoxide dismutase. With this organism, therefore, H2O2 appears to have been the bactericidal agent.
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