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  • Title: A developmental view of the effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement in undernourished children in Indonesia.
    Author: Pollitt E, Jahari A, Walka H.
    Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr; 2000 May; 54 Suppl 2():S107-13. PubMed ID: 10902993.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: This paper presents the results of a structural equation model testing whether the longitudinal data of the Pangalengan subjects fit the theoretical model regarding the intellectual delay of undernourished children. DESIGN: Two cohorts of children were randomly assigned to three treatments: E = 1171 kJ + 12 mg iron; M = 12 mg iron + 209 kJ; S = 104 kJ. Supplementation was given for 6 months. SETTING: The sites were six tea plantations in Indonesia. SUBJECTS: A 12-month-old (n = 53) and an 18-month-old (n = 83) cohort were recruited from day-care-centers. Inclusion criteria were: no chronic disease; length-for-age = < 1 standard deviation (s.d.) and weight-for-length between -1 and -2 s.d. of the median of the reference of the World Health Organization. METHODS: Twenty-four-hour dietary intakes were assessed using the weighted individual inventory technique. Body weight and length were obtained using standard procedures; motor development was assessed with the Bayley Scale and with a custom made scale for motor development leading to bipedal locomotion. Four-hour observations were made of the child's interactions with the environment. Carrying a child in the arms and exploratory behavior were used as indicators of caregiving and exploration. All measurements were obtained every 2 months. RESULTS: The original model did not fit the data. The model was then modified with the inclusion of two new pathways: from activity and from motor development to mental development. Following these adjustments the model fit the data for each cohort and for both cohorts combined.
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