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  • Title: Oral contraceptives: relations to mammary cancer, benign breast lesions, and cervical cancer.
    Author: Drill VA.
    Journal: Annu Rev Pharmacol; 1975; 15():367-85. PubMed ID: 1096791.
    Abstract:
    The results of experimental studies on the relationship of estrogens and oral contraceptives to mammary lesions demonstrate that the type of response obtained depends largely on the species and strain of animal that is employed. A variety of clinical studies has failed to demonstrate that estrogen can cause mammary cancer, this lack of effort correlates with the results obtained in various studies in animals. Similar relationships exist for oral contraceptives, and the clinical data show good agreement in demonstrating that the contraceptive steroids do not have a tumorigenic effect on the human mammary gland. Estrogen can increase the occurrence of cervical cancer in certain strains of mice, but apparently this effect is not observed in other species of animals, including man. The preponderance of data shows that oral contraceptives do not adversely affect the occurence of abnormal Papanicolaou smears, cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer in situ, or invasive cervical cancer. The clinical and experimental literature on the relation of estrogen, progestins, and oral contraceptives (OCs) to breast cancer, benign breast lesions, and cervical cancer is reviewed. Experimental studies on the relation of estrogens and OCs to mammary lesions indicate a varying response that largely depends up on the species and strain of animal studied. Various clinical studies have failed to show that estrogens or OCs cause breast cancer; similar findings have been reported in animal studies. Estrogen has been found to increase the incidence of cervical cancer in certain strains of mice, although such an effect has not been demonstrated in other species and man. Most studies agree that OCs do not adversely affect the incidence of abnormal Papanicolaou smears, cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer in situ, or invasive cervical cancer. Progesterone has effectively brought about remission in cases of cervical cancer, as have progestins in cases of breast cancer.
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