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  • Title: Surface composition of spray-dried particles of bovine serum albumin/trehalose/surfactant.
    Author: Adler M, Unger M, Lee G.
    Journal: Pharm Res; 2000 Jul; 17(7):863-70. PubMed ID: 10990207.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To characterize via electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) the surface of spray-dried particles of trehalose plus a protein (bovine serum albumin). Additionally, to show how and why the addition of a surfactant reduces protein adsorption, and by this mechanism could reduce protein instability during spray-drying. METHODS: Aqueous solutions of trehalose plus bovine serum albumin (bSA) were spray-dried with increasing concentrations of surfactant. The surface composition of the dried particles was examined using ESCA. RESULTS: The presence of bSA, trehalose, and surfactant could be detected quantitatively in the particle surface. In the absence of surfactant the bSA had a large surface excess concentration (determined via its N atoms). Increasing concentration of polysorbate 80 reduced the surface excess of bSA in a concentration-dependent manner. At high polysorbate 80 concentration (5 mg/ml) the bSA could no longer be detected in solid surface. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate it was shown that the reduction in surface concentration of the protein is accompanied by a simultaneous increase in surface concentration of the surfactant. Neither surfactant fully covers the surface at the point of complete protein exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: ESCA provides a direct, quantitative measure of the surface composition of spray-dried trehalose/protein/surfactant particles. Surfactant reduces protein adsorption at the water/air-interface. This appears to be a result of complex formation with the surfactant within the bulk spray solution.
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