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  • Title: Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with superior vena cava syndrome.
    Author: Chen CH, Sheu JC, Huang GT, Lee HS, Yang PM, Tsang YM, Chen DS.
    Journal: Hepatogastroenterology; 2000; 47(34):1117-9. PubMed ID: 11020892.
    Abstract:
    A 45-year-old male received wedge resection for his small hepatocellular carcinoma in April 1989 and extended right lobectomy for tumor recurrence 8 months later. Unfortunately, recurrent hepatic tumor with lung metastases were found 18 months after the second operation. Both the hepatic and pulmonary recurrent tumors were resected and transcatheter arterial embolization was added for the residual hepatic tumors. He remained symptom free for another 18 months. However, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, superior vena cava thrombus with superior vena cava syndrome, cardiac and brain metastases developed subsequently. He died of increased intracranial pressure. It is rare for hepatocellular carcinoma to have mediastinal metastases, superior vena cava thrombus and superior vena cava syndrome.
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