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  • Title: Dental caries in HIV-infected children: a longitudinal study.
    Author: Hicks MJ, Flaitz CM, Carter AB, Cron SG, Rossmann SN, Simon CL, Demmler GJ, Kline MW.
    Journal: Pediatr Dent; 2000; 22(5):359-64. PubMed ID: 11048301.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive longitudinal clinical study was to determine primary and permanent dentition caries status in HIV-infected children, and to compare caries status with the CD4 percentage (CD4%) and immune suppression category. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 73 children up to 9 years of age with vertical HIV transmission were evaluated for caries in the primary dentition at baseline and at 6 month intervals over a 30 month period; while 19 HIV-infected children between 5 and 11 years of age had their permanent dentition evaluated for caries at baseline and at 6 month intervals over a 24 month period. Caries status was also compared with CDC CD4 percentage (> 25%, 15-24%, < 15%), and CDC immune suppression categories (immune suppression: none, moderate, severe). With primary dentition caries, comparisons were made among all children (2-9 yr-olds, N = 73), < 2 yr-olds (N = 28), 2 to 4 yr-olds (N = 20), and 5 to 9 yr-olds (N = 25), and compared with NHANES III data. Caries-free status was also determined. RESULTS: During the 30-month period, there was an almost two-fold increase in primary tooth surface caries for the 2 to 9 year-olds. Caries-free status in the primary dentition declined from 60% at baseline to 37% at the 30-month period. With 5 to 11 years-olds, DMFS and DMFT remained relatively stable, while the proportion of caries-free individuals declined from 72% at baseline to 50% at 18 months. Caries in the primary dentition was increased substantially for those in the low CDC CD4 percentage categories and CDC moderate to severe immune suppression categories. CONCLUSION: Primary dentition caries status in HIV-infected children is considerably greater than that for the US pediatric population, and increases with decreasing CD4 percentage and moderate to severe immune suppression. HIV-infected children with caries-free primary dentitions are less frequent than in the US pediatric population, and caries-free status decreases with age, lower CD4 percentage and moderate to severe immune suppression.
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