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  • Title: The neuropeptide APGWamide induces imposex in the mud snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta.
    Author: Oberdörster E, McClellan-Green P.
    Journal: Peptides; 2000 Sep; 21(9):1323-30. PubMed ID: 11072118.
    Abstract:
    We investigated whether neuropeptides which control sexual differentiation in mollusks can induce imposex-a condition where female snails grow male accessory sex organs after exposure to tributyltin (TBT). Mud snails, Ilyanassa obsoleta, were dosed with one of four neuropeptides: APGWamide, conopressin, LSSFVRIamide, or FMRFamide for seven or fourteen days. TBT and testosterone (T) were used as positive controls and induced imposex as expected. APGWamide significantly induced imposex, with a threshold dose near 10(-)(16) moles. The other neuropeptides had no effect on imposex induction. We propose that TBT could act as a neurotoxin to induce imposex via abnormal release of APGWamide.
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