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  • Title: The Yugoslavia Prospective Lead Study: contributions of prenatal and postnatal lead exposure to early intelligence.
    Author: Wasserman GA, Liu X, Popovac D, Factor-Litvak P, Kline J, Waternaux C, LoIacono N, Graziano JH.
    Journal: Neurotoxicol Teratol; 2000; 22(6):811-8. PubMed ID: 11120386.
    Abstract:
    To investigate associations between the timing of lead (Pb) exposure on early intelligence, we examined the results of psychometric evaluations at ages 3, 4, 5, and 7 years, from 442 children whose mothers were recruited during pregnancy from a smelter town and a non-lead-exposed town in Yugoslavia. We compared the relative contribution of prenatal blood lead (BPb) with that of relative increases in BPb in either the early (0-2 years) or the later (from 2 years on) postnatal period to child intelligence measured longitudinally at ages 3 and 4 (McCarthy GCI), 5 (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, WPPSI-R IQ), and 7 (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-version III, WISC-III IQ), controlling for: Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) quality; maternal age, intelligence, education, and ethnicity; and birthweight and gender. Elevations in both prenatal and postnatal BPb were associated with small decrements in young children's intelligence.
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