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  • Title: Bilateral type 1 proatlantal arteries with absence of vertebral arteries.
    Author: Woodcock RJ, Cloft HJ, Dion JE.
    Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol; 2001 Feb; 22(2):418-20. PubMed ID: 11156793.
    Abstract:
    The persistent proatlantal artery is a well-described communication between the carotid and vertebrobasilar system. However, persistence of bilateral proatlantal arteries is exceptionally rare. Although usually noted as an incidental finding, the presence of a proatlantal artery, particularly when bilateral, may result in unusual symptoms or may have implications for therapy. We report a case of bilateral proatlantal arteries, describe their embryology, and consider potential clinical implications of this finding.
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