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  • Title: Effects of histamine-1 receptor antagonism on leukocyte-independent plasma extravasation during endotoxemia.
    Author: Walther A, Jäger M, Secchi A, Schmidt W, Bach A, Martin E, Schmidt H.
    Journal: J Crit Care; 2001 Mar; 16(1):24-31. PubMed ID: 11230721.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of histamine in mediating leukocyte-independent microvascular permeability and mast cell activation during endotoxemia. Microvascular permeability and mast cell activity were determined after inhibition of the L-selectin mediated leukocyte-adherence by fucoidin and after inhibition of histamine effects by the histamine H1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In male Wistar rats, leukocyte rolling, leukocyte adherence, microvascular permeability, and mast cell activity were determined in mesenteric postcapillary venules using intravital microscopy. After pretreatment with the histamine H1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine, animals in the ETX/H1-ANT group received a continuous infusion of endotoxin. Animals in the ETX group underwent the same procedure, but received saline 0.9% instead of diphenhydramine. In both groups, leukocyte adherence was prevented by administration of fucoidin. Animals in the control group received volume-equivalent saline 0.9%. RESULTS: In the endotoxin-challenged groups, fucoidin prevented leukocyte rolling and reduced leukocyte adherence to values comparable to control group. In the ETX group and the ETX/H1-ANT group both microvascular permeability and mast cell activity increased significantly, starting at 60 minutes. Differences in mast cell activity between the ETX group and the ETX/H1-ANT group were significant at 60 minutes and at 120 minutes. Differences in microvascular permeability between the ETX/H1-ANT group and the ETX group were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The leukocyte-independent microvascular damage during early endotoxemia cannot be inhibited efficiently by the H1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine, indicating that histamine seems to play only a minor role in that pathophysiology. Furthermore, mast cells do not seem to be involved in the development of leukocyte-independent plasma extravasation during endotoxemia.
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