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  • Title: Th2 polarization of the immune response of BALB/c mice to Ixodes ricinus instars, importance of several antigens in activation of specific Th2 subpopulations.
    Author: Mejri N, Franscini N, Rutti B, Brossard M.
    Journal: Parasite Immunol; 2001 Feb; 23(2):61-9. PubMed ID: 11240897.
    Abstract:
    BALB/c mice were infested with Ixodes ricinus larvae, nymphs or adults. Expression of IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA in axillary and brachial draining lymph node cells were measured by competitive quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 9 days after the beginning of primary-infestation. IL-4 mRNA was always higher than that of IFN-gamma mRNA for all tick instars. Moreover, IL-4 mRNA expression progressively increased during nymphal primary-infestation with a high burst of expression 7 days after the beginning of infestation. No evolution of IFN-gamma mRNA expression was detected. Draining lymph node cells of infested BALB/c produced higher level of IL-4 than IFN-gamma following in vitro restimulation with adult tick saliva, salivary gland extract (SGE) or with five selected different chromatographic fractions of SGE. Anti-tick IgG1 antibodies but no IgG2a were detected in BALB/c pluri-infested with I. ricinus nymphs, which confirmed the Th2 polarization of the immune response.
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