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  • Title: Generation of cytotoxic effector lymphocytes by MLTC using tumor cells genetically modified to secrete interleukin-2.
    Author: Yamaguchi Y, Ohta K, Shimizu K, Minami K, Noma K, Hihara J, Toge T.
    Journal: Anticancer Res; 2001; 21(1B):669-77. PubMed ID: 11299824.
    Abstract:
    The in vitro generation of effector lymphocytes cytotoxic to cancer cells, was investigated with a mixed lymphocyte-tumor culture (MLTC) system using genetically modified human cancer cells, followed by stimulation with the interleukin (IL)-2 plus immobilized anti-CD3 antibody (IL-2/CD3) system. A gastric cancer cell line, GC022588 (HLA-A2, 24, B35, 55, C1,3), was retrovirally transduced with the human interleukin (IL)-2 gene (GC/IL-2) or the neomycin-resistance gene (GC/Neo). The secretion of biologically active IL-2 was detectable in GC/IL-2 cells but not in GC/Neo or parental GC022588 cells. The cytotoxic activity against the parental GC022588 cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was greater among PBMC activated with MLTC using GC/IL-2 than among those activated with MLTC using GC/Neo or without MLTC. The IL-2/CD3 stimulation could efficiently expand the effector lymphocytes without any reduction of the cytotoxic activity generated. The cytotoxic activity generated by this system was reproducible in several HLA-A2- or A24-positive donors. The effector lymphocytes could kill the other adenocarcinoma cells expressing HLA-A2 or A24. The phenotypes of the effector lymphocytes generated with the system were 40% CD4+ and 70% CD8+. Both phenotypes may have been responsible for the cytotoxicity. The removal of adherent cells from PBMC before the MLTC did not affect the generation of cytotoxicity, whereas neutralization of tumor-derived IL-2 with a specific antibody during the MLTC significantly inhibited the generation of cytotoxicity. These results suggest that IL-2 gene-transduction augments the immunogenicity of the tumor cells that efficiently stimulate lymphocytes to be cytotoxic, and that the IL-2/CD3 system may be practical for the expansion of effector lymphocytes for use in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. The mechanism by which IL-2 gene-modified tumor cells stimulate immune reactivity was discussed.
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