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  • Title: Mechanism and requirements for bovine papillomavirus, type 1, E1 initiator complex assembly promoted by the E2 transcription factor bound to distal sites.
    Author: Sanders CM, Stenlund A.
    Journal: J Biol Chem; 2001 Jun 29; 276(26):23689-99. PubMed ID: 11323428.
    Abstract:
    DNA replication of papillomavirus requires the viral initiator E1 and the transcription factor E2. Bovine papillomavirus, type 1 (BPV-1), E1, and E2 bind cooperatively as dimers to proximal sites in the viral replicator generating a sequence-specific E1E2-ori complex. This complex is critical for replication and can be converted to a multimeric E1-ori initiator complex by displacement of E2 in the presence of hydrolyzable ATP. However, E2 can function over extended distances, and E2 at a distal position 33 base pairs upstream of the E1-binding site also loads an E1 dimer onto ori. Under these conditions, neither displacement of E2 nor ATP hydrolysis are required for E1-ori formation, consistent with a need for ATP hydrolysis in E2 displacement from E1E2-ori. However, ATP is required for stabilization of the resulting E1-ori complex. These results indicate that BPV (with a proximal E2-binding site) and human papillomaviruses (with distal E2-binding sites) utilize the same general mechanism for E1 loading but suggest that E1E2-ori, which forms preferentially on ori, may perform an additional role in BPV replication.
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