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  • Title: Semantic, phonological, and hybrid veridical and false memories in healthy older adults and in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type.
    Author: Watson JM, Balota DA, Sergent-Marshall SD.
    Journal: Neuropsychology; 2001 Apr; 15(2):254-67. PubMed ID: 11324868.
    Abstract:
    Five groups of participants (young, healthy old, healthy old-old, very mild dementia of the Alzheimer type [DAT], and mild DAT) studied 12-item lists of words that converged on a critical nonpresented word (cold) semantically (chill, frost, warm, ice), phonologically (code, told, fold, old), or in a hybrid list of both (chill, told, warm, old). The results indicate that (a) veridical recall decreased with age and dementia; (b) recall of the nonpresented items increased with age and remained fairly stable across dementia; and (c) false recall varied by list type, with hybrid lists producing superadditive effects. For hybrid lists, individuals with DAT were 3 times more likely to recall the critical nonpresented word than a studied word. When false memory was considered as a proportion of veridical memory, there was an increase in relative false memory as a function of age and dementia. Results are discussed in terms of age- and dementia-related changes in attention and memory.
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