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  • Title: Urine analysis by laser Raman spectroscopy.
    Author: Premasiri WR, Clarke RH, Womble ME.
    Journal: Lasers Surg Med; 2001; 28(4):330-4. PubMed ID: 11344513.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We examine the use of Raman spectroscopy to analyze components in human urine. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Targeted urine components include urea, uric acid, and creatinine. RESULTS: Urea concentration in urine is sufficiently high that normal Raman spectroscopy may be used for its analysis. All other components are in low concentrations requiring the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic methods (SERS). CONCLUSIONS: Both normal Raman and SERS approaches have been investigated for total urine-nitrogen determination, urine urea-nitrogen determination, and for the urea/creatinine excretion ratio.
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