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  • Title: Botulinum toxin: evidence-based medicine criteria in blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm.
    Author: Jost WH, Kohl A.
    Journal: J Neurol; 2001 Apr; 248 Suppl 1():21-4. PubMed ID: 11357234.
    Abstract:
    Botulinum A toxin is recognized and approved for symptomatic treatment of hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm. The state of trials is good, although double-blind placebo-controlled studies have been carried out involving only a small number of cases. Open case control studies have been done with large patient collectives. In both indications, treatment with botulinum toxin reaches the highest EBM degree in a critical evaluation.
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