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  • Title: Evidence-based medicine: botulinum toxin A in migraine and tension-type headache.
    Author: Göbel H, Heinze A, Heinze-Kuhn K, Jost WH.
    Journal: J Neurol; 2001 Apr; 248 Suppl 1():34-8. PubMed ID: 11357239.
    Abstract:
    The therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin in headache was observed coincidentally. The rationale for this new indication initially met with a great deal of scepticism, because the toxin's mechanism of action, cholinergic chemodenervation, does not fit the pathophysiological concept of migraine and other forms of headache. Meanwhile a fair number of studies have been published which indicate efficacy for botulinum toxin and recommend its use for the treatment of tension headache and migraine. According to the evidence-based medicine criteria, grade I evidence has been demonstrated. In addition the use of botulinum toxin for cluster-headache and secondary headache is discussed. Further large scale studies will be regarded to demonstrate the long-term efficacy.
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