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  • Title: Relationship between duration of pain and secondary signs of obstruction of the urinary tract on unenhanced helical CT.
    Author: Varanelli MJ, Coll DM, Levine JA, Rosenfield AT, Smith RC.
    Journal: AJR Am J Roentgenol; 2001 Aug; 177(2):325-30. PubMed ID: 11461855.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between duration of flank pain and the frequency of secondary signs of ureteral obstruction on unenhanced helical CT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The duration of flank pain was prospectively determined in 227 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute ureterolithiasis on unenhanced helical CT. These CT studies were evaluated for the presence or absence of perinephric stranding, ureteral dilatation, perinephric fluid, collecting system dilatation, periureteral stranding, and nephromegaly. The frequency of each sign was determined as a function of the duration of pain. RESULTS: The frequency of moderate or severe perinephric stranding increased from 5% at 1--2 hr to 51% at 7--8 hr (p < 0.001); ureteral dilatation increased from 84% at 1--2 hr to 97% at more than 8 hr (p < 0.03); moderate or severe perinephric fluid increased from 0% at 1--2 hr to 22% at 3--4 hr (p < 0.03); collecting system dilatation increased from 68% at 1--2 hr to 89% at 7-8 hr (p < 0.03); periureteral stranding increased from 35% at 1--2 hr to 76% at 7--8 hr (p < 0.004); and nephromegaly increased from 40% at 1--2 hr to 54% at 7--8 hr (p < 0.36). CONCLUSION: All CT secondary signs of ureteral obstruction except nephromegaly showed a significant increase in frequency as duration of flank pain increased. This observation may explain why the CT studies of some patients with acute ureterolithiasis show negative findings for some or all CT secondary signs of obstruction. Therefore, knowledge of the duration of pain is important when interpreting unenhanced CT studies in patients with acute ureterolithiasis.
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