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  • Title: [A zoologist on a different path--Richard B. Goldschmidt (1878-1958) as sexuality researcher and his reception by the Third Reich].
    Author: Mildenberger F.
    Journal: Sudhoffs Arch; 2001; 85(1):64-81. PubMed ID: 11505729.
    Abstract:
    At the beginning of 20th century, genetic research was carried out by many different branches of science. Biology, zoology, medicine, psychiatry, and psychology took part, so some results were a mixture of the involved sciences and not pure genetic. One researcher, who used his experiences from zoology to explain sexual orientation in the human race, was Richard B. Goldschmidt (1878-1958). He published several articles between 1916 and 1927 on this topic before he reconsidered his own theses. Greatest feedback he became during the Third Reich. Although being Jewish he became professor for life in autumn 1933. When he left Berlin for Berkeley in 1936, he began a new scientific career, leaving all old theories and ideologies behind. But his "Umwandlungsmännchen"-theory was restarted by some German psychiatrists to explain homosexuality. One of these men was Theo Lang (1898-1957), who was allowed to publish his articles in the USA and in Switzerland. Lang had been one of the founders of the association of Nazi doctors and was a member of the SA. Moreover, after 1945 during Denazification he was allowed to call for Richard Goldschmidt as witness for his own defence.
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