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  • Title: Parenting self-efficacy and perception of insufficient breast milk.
    Author: McCarter-Spaulding DE, Kearney MH.
    Journal: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs; 2001; 30(5):515-22. PubMed ID: 11572532.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: Insufficient breast milk is a major reason why mothers give up breastfeeding and may be related to low levels of maternal confidence. This study explored the relationship between parenting self-efficacy (PES) and perception of insufficient breast milk. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. SETTING: Four private primary care pediatric practices in the northern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty breastfeeding mothers of infants ages 1 to 11 weeks. PROCEDURES: Mothers were recruited during well-baby pediatric visits. They returned completed questionnaires by mail. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t tests, and multiple regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Perception of Insufficient Milk (PIM) questionnaire, an investigator-developed instrument. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation (r = .487, p < .01) between the self-efficacy and perceived insufficient milk scores. Regression analysis revealed that 23% of the variance in PIM was explained by PES, after maternal age, education, and parity had been taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: Although further research is needed to refine the measurement of perceived insufficient milk and differentiate breastfeeding self-efficacy from general parenting self-efficacy, nursing interventions to enhance self-efficacy may improve mothers' confidence in the adequacy of their milk supply.
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