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  • Title: ["It is a new kind of diaspora ..." Some notes on the politics of psychanalysts emigration, according to E. Jones's correspondence with Anna Freud].
    Author: Steiner R.
    Journal: Rev Int Hist Psychanal; 1988; 1():263-321. PubMed ID: 11640263.
    Abstract:
    This paper is an attempt to describe the forced emigration of the Jewish and non Jewish German and Austrian psychoanalysts, to Great Britain and to America and other countries, during the nazi persecution started in Germany in 1933. The paper is mainly based on the unpublished correspondence between A. Freud and E. Jones and other documents. The paper deals with the two major waves of forced emigration from Berlin in 1933-1934 and from Vienna in 1938 and illustrates E. Jones's and A. Freud's attempts to organize and direct the emigration and all the problems, difficulties and political decisions connected with it. There were objective difficulties due to the economical and social situation of Great Britain and America at that time. Yet there were also the difficulties related to the internal conflicts of schools and personalities of the various national Societies belonging to the International Psychoanalytical Association chaired by Jones. Using some details of the correspondence, the paper tries to show the differences in tactics to deal with very delicate and complex issues, adopted by E. Jones and A. Freud at times, especially for what concerned the attempt to save psychoanalysis as an Institution in Germany. To illustrate the difficulties related to the acceptance of some psychoanalysts coming from Berlin or from Vienna, the paper focuses on W. Reich's episode as it was dealt with in the correspondence between A. Freud and E. Jones, and finally on the problems created in the British Psychoanalytical Society, by the emigration of S. Freud and his daughter to Great Britain.
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