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  • Title: Progesterone and estradiol patterns in women using an intrauterine contraceptive device.
    Author: Brenner PF, Mishell DR.
    Journal: Obstet Gynecol; 1975 Oct; 46(4):456-9. PubMed ID: 1165881.
    Abstract:
    Levels of progesterone, estradiol, LH, and FSH were measured in daily serum samples obtained from 4 subjects during a control cycle and during the first and fourth menstrual cycles after insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD). In addition, progesterone and estradiol were measured in serum samples obtained from 6 women 3, 4, or 5 months after IUD insertion, and from 6 women more than 1 year after IUD insertion. These measurements were compared to the data obtained from study of a large group of normal cycles. The results indicated that the IUD does not influence follicular maturation, time of ovulation, or corpus luteum function. The IUD did exert a local effect on the endometrium, causing the onset of menses to take place when steroid levels were higher than in control cycles. In an attempt to resolve differing results on the effect of the IUD on steroid and gonadotropic levels in women wearing the IUD, levels of progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone were measured in daily serum samples obtained from 4 subjects during a control cycle and during the 1st and 4th menstrual cycles after insertion of an IUD (Lippes loop D or TCu 200). Progesterone and estradiol were measured in serum samples obtained from 6 other women 3, 4, or 5 months after IUD insertion (Copper T) and from these another group of 6 women 1 year or more after insertion. These measurements were compared to data obtained from study of a large group of normal cycles. The results indicated that influence on follicular maturation, time of ovulation, or corpus luteum function by an IUD is absent. The IUD exerted a local effect on the endometrium, causing the onset of the menses to take place when steroid levels were higher than in control cycles.
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