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  • Title: Carbon dioxide column angioscopy: a new endovascular imaging technique.
    Author: Miskolczi L, Flaherty JD, Guterman LR, Hopkins LN.
    Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol; 2001; 22(10):1849-53. PubMed ID: 11733314.
    Abstract:
    A new angioscopic technique with a CO(2) gas medium for prolonged viewing sessions in the carotid artery is described. A stationary column of CO(2) gas, angled 17-30 degrees subhorizontally and buoyed against a balloon catheter, can be safely maintained. During 10-20-min sessions in dogs, endothelia, thrombi, stent filaments, coils, and an intimal flap were visualized. This technique eliminates the need for continuous saline infusion, which has prevented the application of angioscopy in the carotid artery.
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