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  • Title: Zero-quantum filter offering single-shot lipid suppression and simultaneous detection of lactate, choline, and creatine resonances.
    Author: Star-Lack JM, Spielman DM.
    Journal: Magn Reson Med; 2001 Dec; 46(6):1233-7. PubMed ID: 11746591.
    Abstract:
    A zero-quantum (ZQ) filter offering single-shot lipid suppression and providing for simultaneous detection of the lactate methyl doublet (1.3 ppm) and nonoverlapping singlets including choline (Cho, 3.2 ppm) and creatine (Cr, 3.0 ppm) is described. Filtering is provided by soft mixing and reading pulses (RF(mix), RF(rd)) that are selective for the lactate methine quartet (4.1 ppm), Cho, and Cr resonances but exclude the 1.3 ppm lactate component and overlapping lipids. Surrounding RF(mix) and RF(rd) are magnetic field gradient pulses of equal magnitude but opposite signs to enable the rephasing of the zero-quantum lactate coherence and the creation of a stimulated echo for singlets within the pulse passbands. The sequence is designed to retain half the original lactate and singlet signal intensities. Theoretical predictions were confirmed experimentally at 1.5T using phantom acquisitions. The lipid suppression factor was measured to be over 10(3).
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