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  • Title: Fractures of the middle third of the face.
    Author: Hovinga J.
    Journal: Mod Probl Ophthalmol; 1975; 14():513-32. PubMed ID: 1177919.
    Abstract:
    Middle third fractures have increased in number over the past two decades. Since different disciplines take an interest in their management different names are often given to identical fractures. We classify the fracture types, and their treatment is briefly discussed. Results of treatment of about 500 patients with middle third facial fractures are presented. Part of the fracture involved one or both orbits. A comparison with recent literature was made. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential. Insertion of an implant on the orbital floor through an infraorbital incision can be omitted in fresh fractures. This procedure is rarely indicated except in some old untreated fractures.
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