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  • Title: Association between ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in South Indian patients.
    Author: Viswanathan V, Zhu Y, Bala K, Dunn S, Snehalatha C, Ramachandran A, Jayaraman M, Sharma K.
    Journal: JOP; 2001 Mar; 2(2):83-7. PubMed ID: 11867868.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To study the association of ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in South Indian subjects. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of a specialized hospital. PATIENTS: The study included 109 South Indian type 2 diabetic patients (72 males and 37 females; age 56.7 plus/minus 9.0 years, mean plus/minus SD). The patients were subdivided into two groups: nephropathic (n=86) and normoalbuminuric patients (n=23). INTERVENTIONS: Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes. To determine the ACE genotype, genomic DNA was amplified by PCR initially using a flanking primer pair and, subsequently when necessary, with a primer pair that recognizes the insertion specific sequence for confirmation of the specificity of the amplification reactions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ACE genotype distribution in the two study groups. RESULTS: In the nephropathic patients, ID and DD genotypes were present in 52.3% and 27.9% of the patients, respectively as compared to 34.8% and 21.7% respectively in those with normoalbuminuria. The D allele was present in 80.2% of the nephropathic patients and 56.5% of the normoalbuminuric patients (chi-squared=4.28, P=0.039; odds ratio 3.12). Therefore, the higher percentage of II genotype in the normoalbuminuric group was 43.5% as compared to the 19.8% in nephropathic patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a positive association between the D allele (ID and DD genotype) of the ACE polymorphism and diabetic proteinuria in South Indian type 2 diabetic patients. Our findings are in keeping with several earlier studies showing a strong association of the D allele of the ACE gene with diabetic nephropathy.
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