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  • Title: Editorial: Cancer risk and estrogen use in the menopause.
    Author: Ryan KJ.
    Journal: N Engl J Med; 1975 Dec 04; 293(23):1199-200. PubMed ID: 1186792.
    Abstract:
    A cancer-inducing role for endogenous estrogens has been confounded by increased evidence of human female breast and endometrial cancer after the menopause when estrogen production is decreasing. The endocrine change occurring after the menopause is a shift from estradiol-17-Beta of ovarian origin to estrone synthesized in the periphery. Reports have indicated that a risk of endometrial cancer is considerably higher in menopausal women and up to 5 times higher in women taking estrogen. Thromboembolism, coronary disease and stroke are estrogen-related risks which appear age and dose-dependent. When the putative cancer risk is added to these risks, estrogens become agents which should be used with care. Risks such as prior thromboembolic events, migraine headaches, a family history of cancer or excessive smoking should be considered as contraindications to estrogen use. All these factors contribute to the need for more research and knowledge in the area of the altered hormonal state of the untreated menopause.
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