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  • Title: [Basedow disease. From subtotal to total thyroidectomy].
    Author: Gemsenjäger E, Valko P, Schweizer I.
    Journal: Praxis (Bern 1994); 2002 Feb 06; 91(6):206-15. PubMed ID: 11875842.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of Graves' disease is based on modern pathophysiolic understanding and adequate surgical tactic and technique. STUDY: This is an audit from one institution about 81 consecutive, prospectively documented patients, undergoing subtotal (remnant < 6 g) or total thyroidectomy, by the technique of capsular dissection. RESULTS: Patients were female in 89%, aged 11-79 (median 35) years. They constitute 9% of all thyroid operations, i.e. 47% of those performed for hyperthyroidism. Indications were persistence and recurrence of disease, orbitopathy, large goiter, nodule formation, refusal of radioiodine, preconception control. Preoperative treatment was thyrostatic (97%), iodine (87%), propranolol (50%). During the study period use of total thyroidectomy increased from 0% to 87% (p < 0.0001), and the remnant size decreased from median 3.5 g to 0 g (p < 0.0001). Goiter weight was 20-255 g, median 70.28 (23%) patients had concomitant colloid or adenomatous nodules, 5 (6%) had an incidental microcarcinoma, and 3 (4%) had a clinical papillary or follicular carcinoma, 1 patient had a parathyroid adenoma. Mortality was 0; surgical morbidity was early postoperative haemorrhage (n = 2 (2.5%)), permanent nerve palsy (1 patient with recurrence after previous resection (1.2%; 0.6% of nerves at risk)); no case of permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred. Functional results: In 6 patients (8%; 15% of those with subtotal resection) recurrent hyperthyroidism developed, 1 month to 8 years postoperatively, necessitating reablative treatment (surgical in 2 instances). 1 further patient developed preclinical hyperthyroidism 11 years postoperatively. Postoperative thyroxine substitution was found to be inadequate in 16/73 (20%) patients, as demonstrated by suppressed or elevated TSH values. Recurrence-free survival at 10 years was 100% in patients with a remnant measuring < 3 g, vs. 55.8% in those with a remnant size > or = 3-6 g (p = 0.002). Ophthalmopathy improved in 33/47 (70%) and deteriorated in 5 (10%) patients postoperatively, independently of the procedure (total or subtotal). CONCLUSIONS: Extensive or total thyroidectomy is necessary for late recurrence-free survival.--Variation of the spontaneous remnant function may occur and contribute to inadequate substitution.--(Near) total thyroidectomy has a low morbidity and is considered the treatment of choice, also with the theoretical advantage of complete autoantigene removal.--Surgical progress is based on capsular dissection with fine preparatory operative technique.
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