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  • Title: Hemoglobin levels, cardiovascular disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Case study of the anemic patient.
    Author: Butler KG.
    Journal: Nephrol Nurs J; 2002 Apr; 29(2):189-92. PubMed ID: 11997954.
    Abstract:
    Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Anemia, a well-defined risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been shown to contribute to the development of angina pectoris, ischemic events, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Data indicate that these cardiovascular-related disorders are often ameliorated or reversed in patients who maintain hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the 11 to 12 g/dL range recommended by NKF-K/DOQI. Conversely, Hb levels below 11 g/dL result in an increase in cardiovascular disorders and a 2.9-fold increased risk of death. Nephrology nurses should understand the interplay between Hb levels and cardiovascular disease, and how their efforts to maintain Hb levels > or = 11 g/dL can positively affect patient outcomes.
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