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  • Title: CpG DNA: recognition by and activation of monocytes.
    Author: Klinman DM, Takeshita F, Gursel I, Leifer C, Ishii KJ, Verthelyi D, Gursel M.
    Journal: Microbes Infect; 2002 Jul; 4(9):897-901. PubMed ID: 12106782.
    Abstract:
    Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly trigger an innate immune response characterized by the activation of Ig- and cytokine-secreting cells. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs mimic this activity, triggering monocytes to proliferate, secrete and/or differentiate. Analysis of hundreds of novel ODNs led to the identification of two structurally distinct classes of CpG motif that differentially activate human monocytes. ODNs of the "K"-type interact with Toll-like receptor 9 and induce monocytes to proliferate and secrete IL-6. In contrast, "D"-type ODNs trigger monocytes to differentiate into mature dendritic cells.
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